薇琪很OK的生活

助動詞可以分成兩種: 一般助動詞 (Auxiliary Verbs) 和 情境助動詞 (Modal Auxiliary Verbs)

這兩種助動詞通常是用來幫助主要動詞來形成各種時態和語態等等,

我們不只在肯定句上使用它們, 我們也可以使用它們來創造疑問或者否定句

這裡主要講解一般助動詞, 如果對情境助動詞有興趣, 請點這裡: 

助動詞 (Auxiliary Verbs)

1. Be ( be, am, are, is, was, were, being, been) 
Be 動詞可以當成主要動詞使用, 例如: She is a teacher. 
因為在這句句子裡除了 "is" 並沒有其他的動詞, 所以我們知道 " is" 是主要動詞
但如果當句子是: The boy is playing the piano. 
在這句子裡我們同時有 "is" 和 "playing" 兩個動詞, 所以 "is"就被我們在這個句子中當作助動詞使用 
我們通常會在進行式以及被動語態裡把Be動詞當作助動詞

＊肯定句:
I am washing the dishes.  (我正在洗碗)
Alice was taking a nap. (艾莉絲之前在小憩)
Rose and Tiffany were shopping in a department store. (蘿絲和蒂芬妮之前在一個百貨公司逛街)

＊否定句: 在助動詞後面加上"not" 
My mother is not cooking dinner. (我媽媽沒有在煮晚餐)
I was not listening to you. (我之前沒有在聽你說)

＊疑問句: 把助動詞移到句首
Are you sitll working at the office? (你還在辦公室工作嗎?)
Was your sister talking on the phone when I called you? (當我打給你時你的姊姊正在講電話嗎?)

＊被動語態: 如果要強調某個動作的承受者時, 則會使用被動語態, 而一般動詞則會使用過去分詞
These tables were made by Chris. (這些桌子是克里斯製作的)
This meal is cooked by my roommate. (這頓餐點是我的室友煮的)
My scooter was stolen. (我的機車被偷了) 
如果不確定是被誰或者不重要時, "by" 可以省略

2. Do/ Does/Did
在do/does/did 之後的動詞使用原形動詞

＊否定句: 在一般動詞之前放 "do/does not"
She does not have a car. (她沒有車子)
I do not work on weekends. (我周末不上班)
My husband doesn't eat seafood. (我老公不吃海鮮)

＊過去式: 把do/does 改成did 
They didn't go to the movie. (他們沒有去看電影)
Mary didn't finish her master degree. (瑪莉沒有完成她的碩士學位)

＊疑問句: 把助動詞移到句首
Do you have a hundred dollars? (你有一百塊嗎?)
Does your dad travel a lot? (你爸爸常旅遊嗎?)
Did your older brother swim? (你哥哥以前游泳嗎?) 

＊強調語氣: 表"確實;的確是"
I do like cakes. (我的確喜歡蛋糕)
We do live in that area. (我們的確住在那區域)
She does cook every night. (她的確每晚都煮飯)

＊代替前面的主動詞
You play baseball better than Jack does. (= plays baseball) (你棒球打的比傑克好)

＊也可以被當成主要動詞使用, 有 "做;執行"的意思
Tim does the laundry every week. ( 提姆每周洗衣服)
I do my homework at night. (我晚上做功課)

3. Have/ Has/ Had
用來表現在/過去完成式: Have/Has/Had + 過去分詞

＊肯定句: 
I have cleaned the house for two hours. (我打掃房子兩個小時了)
He has driven since this morning. (他從今天早上開始開車)
The children have played the video game since they woke up. (這些小孩從他們起床就在打電動)
She had left the room before I came. (她在我來之前就離開了)

＊否定句: 在助動詞後面加上"not"
We haven't eaten yet. (我們還沒吃)
Sophia hadn't finished her meal when it was already 8 o'clock. (八點的時候蘇菲亞還沒有吃完她的餐點)

＊疑問句: 把助動詞移到句首
Have you seen my car key? (你有看到我的車鑰匙嗎?)
Has he graduated from the college? (他從那大學畢業了嗎?)

＊做主要動詞用有 "擁有"的意思
My parents have a huge house in San Francisco. (我父母在舊金山有一棟超大的房子)
Queenie's roommate has two cute dogs. (奎尼的室友有兩隻很可愛的狗)